独岛枝芽胞杆菌MCCC 1A00493产生的4-乙烯基苯酚鉴定和作用南方根结线虫特性研究

【目的】根结线虫危害严重,难防难控,前期研究发现一株深海来源的独岛枝芽胞杆菌(Virgibacillus dokdonensis) MCCC 1A00493对南方根结线虫具有良好的体外拮抗效果,本研究分离鉴定菌株发酵液中杀线虫活性物质,对其作用线虫的多种模式进行研究,为菌株有效控制植物病原线虫的应用奠定理论基础。【方法】采用硅胶柱层析和半制备高效液相色谱对独岛枝芽胞杆菌发酵上清液中的杀线虫活性物质进行分离纯化,采用液相色谱质谱联用、核磁共振对纯化物进行结构鉴定;并对其趋避、诱杀、熏杀和卵孵化抑制活性进行检测。【结果】结构鉴定确定独岛枝芽胞杆菌MCCC 1A00493发酵液中分离的杀线虫活性物质为4-乙烯基苯酚。4-乙烯基苯酚对线虫具有触杀、熏杀、卵孵化抑制和高浓度驱避低浓度引诱活性,15μg/mL 4-乙烯基苯酚72 h触杀线虫校正死亡率为71.23%±9.06%;20 mg/mL 4-乙烯基苯酚24 h熏杀线虫死亡率达100%;100μg/mL4-乙烯基苯酚作用线虫卵10d后,卵孵化抑制率达66.2%;在琼脂平板上,10mg/mL的4-乙烯基苯酚对线虫有驱避作用,1 mg/mL的4-...     

追溯山茱萸科植物的性状进化和生物地理学历史——方法选择的影响?

This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral character state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit characters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.     

德国科学家首次以高分辨率捕获小鼠思维

为了使神经元的微小解剖细节可视化，德国普朗克生物物理化学研究院的KatrinWillig及其团队给小鼠插入可以发出黄光的基因。在使用特殊的显微镜通过头骨上的一个用玻璃封住的窗口观察小鼠大脑时，神经元的信号结点发光了。在这些交叉点上，小的棘状突起从长的分支纤维也称为树突上伸出，并且通过与相邻细胞的突起链接交换信号。     

PNAS：微生物基因测序可提高生物燃料产出效率

据物理学家组织网5月15日（北京时间）报道，美国联合生物能源研究所（JBEI）通过新的实验方法和基因测序分析，发现了细菌耐受有毒盐溶液的生理机制。有望大大提高微生物抵抗生物燃料生产过程中所使用的盐溶液毒性的能力。相关论文发表在5月14日的美国《国家科学院院刊》网站上。     

纳米雕塑范例

T4抗菌素该作品是一个人造的纳米T4抗菌素立体塑像。T4抗菌素是一种具有水蛇腰、六条腿,貌似乌贼的生物体内的病毒。该作品雕刻使用的是一种被称作"聚焦离子束"的技术。T4抗菌素雕塑本身材料为金刚石,基底为晶体硅。抗菌素雕塑的尺寸为真实抗菌素的十倍左右,即高度数百纳米。该作品的形态逼真传神,曾荣获49届国际电子束/离子束/光束技术与纳米加工微观大赛一等奖。